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Structural types

Concrete buildings shall be classified into one of the following structural 6+1 types according to their behaviour under horizontal seismic actions.
Column is the vertical structural element of aspect ratio lw/hw≤4, while wall is the vertical structural element of aspect ratio lw/hw>4. In the building base, VF implies the seismic shear carried by all columns, VW the seismic shear carried by all walls and Vtot= VF + VW the total seismic shear at ground floor level.

Bending moments of slab strips supported on beams 300/1000

In the two-dimensional finite element method, the secondary bending moments are always significant, while the moments in the main direction remain relatively constant.

Civil engineers salary in USD as of may 2016

Average Civil Engineer salaries for job postings nationwide are 38% higher than average salaries for all job postings nationwide.

QUALITY CONTROL AND SAFETY CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION

Quality control and Construction Safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers.

The bending of reinforcement bars

Minimum bending pin diameter for bars. The minimum bending pin is Øm,min

Øm,min=4Ø for Ø≤16 mm Øm,min=7Ø for Ø>16 mm

Contraction Joints

A contraction joint is a sawed, formed, or tooled groove in a concrete slab that creates a weakened vertical plane. It regulates the location of the cracking caused by dimensional changes in the slab. Unregulated cracks can grow and result in an unacceptably rough surface as well as water infiltration into the base,

The minimum required cover thickness for slab reinforcement

The minimum required cover thickness for slab reinforcement usually ranges between 20 and 30 mm depending on the environmental conditions present throughout the building’s service life. The 20 mm would apply to a dry climate and the 30 mm to a seaside location.

Short beam reinforcement.

Beams with short span lengths compared to the span length of the other beams that belong to the same floor, might not have a serious bending problem but as a rule, their behavior is greatly affected by intense shear stresses.

RCC Slab design and detailing guidelines for depth of slab, loads on slab

RCC Slab design and detailing guidelines for depth of slab, loads on slab, reinforcement guide for one-way and two-way slabs have been tried to present here. Following are the RCC Slab Design and Detailing guidelines:

Settlement of Foundation | Types of Settlement

Settlement is the vertical displacement from its original level of placement. Settlement has got several implications on a foundation. The implications include:

Unit of Formwork Measurement

Formworks are measured in terms of area. So any unit such as square meter, square foot, square centimetre can be adopted. But generally, square meter and square foot of the contact area with concrete is taken as the unit of measurement. The dimensions of a formwork should be measure correct to the centimetre or inches whichever the case may be.

Formworks are measured as just contact area, not area of formwork, as shown below:

Spacing of Reinforcement in reinforced concrete members

Minimum Spacing between Bars in Tension

The minimum horizontal spacing between two parallel main bars shall be diameter of larger bar or maximum size of coarse aggregate plus 5 mm. However, where compaction is done by needle vibrator, the spacing may be further reduced to two-third of the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate.

TRIANGULATION SURVEYING

SURVEYING

TRIANGULATION SURVEYING

What is Triangulation Surveying?  

What seems to be the problem on this beams?

Here's my opinion... Many possible responses :

Types of pile

Classification of pile with respect to load transmission and functional behavior