The lateral load-resisting system consists of a building frame with special reinforced concrete shear walls. To provide optimum flexibility, shear walls are primarily located at elevator and stair cores and the short ends of the building. Due to the concentrated high lateral forces, shear walls are 12 inches to 26 inches thick and heavily reinforc...ed. The majority of the concrete shear walls require boundary elements and the end walls contain coupling beams reinforced with diagonal bars. A minimum 3.5-inch thick composite CIP concrete topping over the precast double tees acts as a horizontal diaphragm at each floor/roof level. The reinforcement in the topping slab is designed to transfer all the diaphragm shear forces. Also, chord and drag strut reinforcements are provided to ensure an adequate load path for the inertial floor loads into the shear walls.
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Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings..........