What is Bitumen and its uses?
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Bitumen is the binding material present in asphalt. Sometimes it is also known as mineral tar. Bitumen is produced by partial distillation of crude petroleum.
it is chemically a hydrocarbon and insoluble in water. But it totally dissolves in alkalies, alkaline carbonates, benzol, chloroform, bisulphide, naptha, coal tar, petroleum spirit and oil of turpentine.
It is obtained from 87% carbon, 11% hydrogen and 2% oxygen (By weight). The bitumen is produced in solid or semi-solid state and black or brown in color
Forms Of Bitumen:
The general forms of bitumen are as following
1. Bitumen Emulsion:
It is a liquid compound which contains a large amount of bitumen in aqueous medium. It is suspended by some appropriate stabilizing agents in the aqueous medium.
2 Cut-back Bitumen:
This form of bitumen is produced by fluxing asphaltic bitumen in presence of some liquid distillates of petroleum or coal tar. Cut-back bitumen can be used as bitumen paint in cold.
3 Blown Bitumen:
It is a special form of bitumen produced by passing air under pressure at a higher temperature. This type of bitumen can be used as heat insulating material, roofing and damp-proofing felts, producing asphalt pipe and joint fillers etc.
4 Plastic Bitumen:
It comprises of bitumen thinner and appropriate inert filler (40%-45%). Plastic bitumen can be used for filling cracks in masonry structures, stopping leakages etc.
5 Straight run Bitumen:
This type of bitumen is obtained by distillation of the bitumen to a definite viscosity or penetration without further treatment
Application Of Bitumen:
1-Road Construction.
2-Hydraulics & erosion control Catchment areas, basins.
3-Dam groutings,
4-Dam linings,
5-Embankment protection
6-Dam linings,
7-Embankment protection
8-Ditch linings, Reservoir linings
9-Reservoir linings
10-Jetties, Dyke protection
11-Dyke protection
12-Swimming pools
13-Waste ponds
14-Water barriers
15-Mattresses for levee & bank protection
16-Membrane linings,
17-Waterproofing
18-Revetments
19-Sand dune stabilization,
20-Drainage gutters,
21-Backed felts
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Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings..........