Slab analysis using hand methods

For 1.00 m wide slab strip:
Self-weight: go=0.15m×1.00m×25.00 kN/m3= 3.75 kN/m, Covering load: ge=1.00 kN/m (given),

Usefulness of construction formulas and equations for building projects

The formulas & equations are essential for construction professionals to work out the quantities as well as cost & subtotals of building material. These formulas can be used in a wide array of construction projects and design applications which range from reinforced concrete, bridge construction, highway design etc.

Characteristic strength of concrete.

The classification of concrete grades is based on their compressive strength. Each concrete grade e.g. C30/37 is characterized by two equivalent strengths, which in this specific example are 30 MPa and 37 MPa. The first is

Simply supported staircase continued by slabs

Due to the continuation of the staircase by slabs at its base and top, bending moment is formed in the supports (upper fibers) and therefore, rebars are required both at their upper fibers.

Reinforcement rules

Rules for the detailing of slab rebars

These rules apply to both one-way and two-way slabs, with usual lengths and commonly applied loads and only when the reinforcement detailing is not provided by another more accurate way. In one-way slabs, the length l is equal to the distance between the two edges upon which the slabs are supported.

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Finite element method

Equivalent uniform reaction forces are determined in exactly the same way as in Marcus method.
Summarizing,
Marcus method gives:

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Shear forces envelopes

The most unfavourable shear forces are equal to:

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Structural types

Concrete buildings shall be classified into one of the following structural 6+1 types according to their behaviour under horizontal seismic actions.
Column is the vertical structural element of aspect ratio lw/hw≤4, while wall is the vertical structural element of aspect ratio lw/hw>4. In the building base, VF implies the seismic shear carried by all columns, VW the seismic shear carried by all walls and Vtot= VF + VW the total seismic shear at ground floor level.

Bending moments of slab strips supported on beams 300/1000

In the two-dimensional finite element method, the secondary bending moments are always significant, while the moments in the main direction remain relatively constant.